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Melee Weapons add the wielder's Strength modifier to damage.
Melee Weapons wielded with the Weapon Finesse feat add the wielder's Dexterity modifier to damage.

Thrown Weapons add either the wielder's Strength or Dexterity modifier to damage, whichever is higher.

Ranged Weapons add the wielder's Dexterity modifier to damage.
Mighty Composite Bows add the wielder's Dexterity and Strength modifiers to damage.

Spells that deal damage add the wielder's spellcasting ability modifier to damage. If the spell produces more than a single projectile, only one of them receives the damage bonus.